Low Credit Scores & 3 Causes By Robert Jain Credit Suisse

| Friday, November 7, 2014
By Paula Hess


Credit scores are important, which should go without saying. The scores in question are able to dictate how easy it is to secure loans, purchase homes, and other tremendous financial endeavors. It's a factor that Robert Jain Credit Suisse, in addition to others, will be able to focus on. The same can be said for the ways in which credit scores can be lowered. For those who are curious as to what this entails, these 3 causes are ones which the most inquisitive should focus on.

Robert Jain Credit Suisse, in addition to other authorities, will be able to tell you about how unemployment can play into the lowering or heightening of credit scores. When individuals are unemployed, not only are their expenses at risk but it's clear that their scores stand a chance of lowering over the course of time. This is an unfortunate circumstance that can play into various aspects of life. However, this is just one negative component that names such as Jain can bring your attention to.

Another way your credit score may be hurt is through the neglecting of various utilities. Maybe you have a strong job that pays well but you simply do not pay enough attention to aspects like electricity and plumbing; these will affect your score in negative ways. When there aren't regular payments seen, this will reflect poorly on you, which will result in unreliable scores in the long term. In order to keep your scores level, focus on the aforementioned utilities.

If there's one endeavor that can place a dent in your credit score, more than any other, it has to be bankruptcy. For individuals and business owners alike, bankruptcy should only be turned to when all other options have been exhausted. If you are curious as to what said options entail, make sure that you contact your bank so that you can receive the best expertise. If you believe that you are at risk, you should know that other options exist; it's just a matter of pursuing them.

Make sure that you consider these factors for the purpose of strengthening your credit score in the long term. It's easy to see that these sorts of mistakes are serious but it's not like they cannot be avoided. From what I have seen, it's just a matter of conducting research and taking the proper steps as a result of the research in question. When an endeavor like this is carried out, it is very possible that a tremendous level of financial success will be seen.




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Can Whistleblowers Against Fraud Help With Cases Of Auction Fraud?

| Sunday, October 5, 2014
By Jennifer Marie Anderson


Bidding is exciting for many individuals. They love the idea of winning items and the fact that they can be attained at lower prices means that the idea of bidding is done that isn't going to fade away anytime soon. With this in mind, though, Whistleblowers Against Fraud may very well bring your attention to a serious topic known as auction fraud. For those who may not be in the know, there is much to cover when it comes to auction fraud in general.

When it comes to the various types of fraud out there, attention should definitely be brought to auction fraud. This is a type of situation in which an item is won but it is not shipped out to the individual who won the item to begin with. With such a concerning conflict, one must wonder what the specifics are behind this. Auction fraud can come in a couple of forms and I believe that this information can be distributed by a number of authorities, Whistleblowers Against Fraud included.

Whistleblowers Against Fraud can tell you that auction fraud can occur when the item in question simply doesn't arrive to the bidder. One can make the argument that this can become a shipping problem, more so than anything else, but this is why most bidders are smart about adding tracking numbers. It's easy enough to keep track of where certain items are in the world. However, when there is a standstill in an item's delivery, problems can become even greater, according to authorities like W.A.F.

An item might be delivered, but it may not be the one that you originally placed a bid on. For example, a year or so in the past, I was able to win a bid for an external hard drive that was relatively cheap, at least when compared to other options in retail. However, one could imagine my surprise when I received an external hard drive without nearly as much space to place items on. With this in mind, it's easy to say that auction fraud can come in a number of forms.

There are ways you can help yourself avoid any type of auction fraud, provided you follow the appropriate directions. For example, you have to be careful about the sorts of items that you bid on. The best way to do this is to look at the reviews of the user putting forth these items, making certain that they are reputable enough to work with. It should also be noted that payment methods must be chosen carefully; PayPal might be the best option for those who are in the very least skeptic.




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The Services Of Employment Agencies

| Wednesday, September 24, 2014
By Alex D White


Employers may find a very hard time to filter through applications and scheduling for interviews in order to make a perfect selection of candidates to fill new vacancies. Job hunters on the other hand will spend all their time sending applications on their own without any positive response from the employers. Most of these applications can go un-answered making the job seekers hopes to shift from hope, hopeful to hopeless.

Employment agencies chip in to save the day. They act as a link between these job hunters and the recruiters. They do this by offering services of filling open vacancies in organizations by getting them new employees. Organizations hire employment agencies to do the hiring job for them. They as well help the employee to get a link to the job they are wishing for.

They select suitable candidates to fill selected job posts by conducting interviews and trainings of the candidates on behalf of these companies. They are best in doing this job as compared to the individual human resources departments as they have more experience and good daily contact with the market needs of employment needs. This is because they deal with different organizations daily and numerous candidates.

There are both public and private employment agencies. Mostly public employment agencies link job seekers to state jobs as well as to private jobs some other times. Private employment agencies deal mostly in the private sector. They carry out personnel placements, executive job search and non-permanent job placement services.

These agencies place millions of people to work everyday and help organizations to hire workers. Most job seekers ignore employment agencies but research has shown that a good percentage of the people with jobs to day must have involved an employment agency in one way or another. Private employment agencies charge a fee for the services they offer.

Private employment agencies charge a fee for their services. They are paid by organizations to do hiring for them on their behalf. They also get payments from job seekers who register with them to be connected up to employers. As a job seeker it is good to seek the services of certified employment agencies to connect you to jobs. Make sure the employing agent is one who has your job seeking interests in their mind. They should not just be after your money.

Employment agencies could be specialized in a specific field of job. You will have to consider your capabilities and needs as a good agency alone will not land the job you are targeting. Choose an agency that will suit your needs.

Register with as many employment agencies as you can and by leave your resume with them. You will be called in for interview once a job comes up that meets your requirements. You will be interviewed and if you do not get the job, your records will be retained for future opportunities that may come up. Through that, you can then be assured that you will have widened your chances of securing a dream job. many are the times when people have been invited to jobs having applied several months or years ago.




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How Whistleblowers Against Fraud Can Build Cases

| Monday, September 22, 2014
By Bob Oliver


Regardless of the situation that you find yourself in, there is no question that Whistleblowers Against Fraud will be able to offer the most tremendous assistance. There are a number of different assets focused on and you can be certain that they can come together in order for cases to be built. Of course, in order for this to be done, there are many aspects which play into this. In fact, here are just a couple of components you would be wise to draw attention to.

One of the first ways in which Whistleblowers Against Fraud can help to construct you cases is to assess your information. A specific point to mention is the ability to quantify damages which may be of interest to you, according to authorities along the lines of WAF. The ability to focus on your information is one of the first steps to insure that the best foundation is made for your case. However, you can be certain that the efforts of this particular company will not stop here.

The uncovering of allegations is another essential talking point that Whistleblowers Against Fraud may be able to tell you about. Yes, this may be done by other authorities but the truth of the matter is that this company seems to go about it much more comprehensively than others. The reason why this is the case is because of the alternative methods utilized for such a purpose. You can be certain that this company will be able to uncover allegations with the utmost efficiency.

There is also a level of comprehension to consider when it comes to building the best case. "Comprehension" is a strong term, without question, but you mat be curious as to what exactly this entails. You should know that this can apply to the aforementioned company's relationship to a number of specialists, whether they entail industry specialists, lawyers, or anyone that has had experience in fraud. As you can imagine, information can be attained from numerous parties.

Cases can be built with these components set in place but this cannot happen until the effort is put forth at the onset. You are required to take initiative, contacting those who you know will be able to help develop the best case imaginable for any matters related to the legal field. Not only are the specialists within Whistleblowers Against Fraud able to help but it should be noted that they can work with others in order to produce the best results. Options, to put it simply, will be rather extensive.




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Forensic Accounting & The Meaning Of Breach Of Contract

| Wednesday, August 27, 2014
By Michael Robert Peterson


It's apparent that there will be certain terms set in place when two different parties come together in order to make a deal. The terms in question must be agreed on, which is a point that very few will be able to argue with. However, there might come a time when the terms are ignored, which is a problem to say the least. In order to better understand what this situation entails - and those in forensic accounting will be able to tell you more - it's important to be familiar with "breach of contract."

By definition, breach of contract means that a binding agreement - a written contract, in many cases - has not been fulfilled by one or more of the parties. In most cases, according to authorities like Gettry Marcus, these parties are able to honor the commitments they have made. When it comes to a breach of contract, though, matters have been swept under the rug, which can be a problem in the legal sense. It's likely that those in forensic accounting might be brought on to take care of such matters.

You may still be confused as to what breach of contract entails so allow me to illustrate a situation. Imagine that you hire a technician in order to take care of an electrical problem in the house, since you aren't familiar with wiring or any other related issue. However, when the technician only completes the work halfway through without finishing, one can consider this to be a breach of contract. It also doesn't help that there is potential for further costs to be seen.

You can also see instances of breach of contract in sports and entertainment. For example, former WWE talent CM Punk left the company in late January and has not returned since. However, he had signed a contract up until the summer at that point, which meant that World Wrestling Entertainment was technically in the right to claim that it was a breach of contract. While no such accusation has been made by the company, it's clear that this is an instance of that.

It's apparent that a breach of contract, in the long run, serves no one's purpose. There isn't a peaceful solution that is arrived at, which is an especially tremendous problem for businesses that would like to interact with others. There is one simple way to avoid breach of contract and it's easy enough for everyone in a given situation to follow: abide by everything that is agreed on. Only then will any concern, on the matter, be washed away.




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The Best Article Syndication Info Available

| Tuesday, April 22, 2014
By Valentino Crawford


Use the Internet or library to find helpful article marketing magazines. This will give you an idea of how to write articles to get people interested in your business.

Put a lot of content into your emails. If anyone signed up to your list thinks you're spamming them, they could report you. Give them information they actually want. If you don't do that you will lose readers and ultimately customers.

Short paragraphs are less intimidating to readers, and they force you, the writer, to make concrete points succinctly. This will help to capture your audience and prevent distractions. It is important to streamline your writing as much as possible by cutting out every word that not absolutely essential in getting your main message across.

Your first paragraph should be your best. Search engines and readers think that your article's first paragraph is the most useful part of the writing. By putting your best information into this part of the article, you'll grab a lot more attention. Don't give away everything and keep it interesting. Ideally a first paragraph will keep readers eager to go on.

Be different and allow your writing style to shine when you're creating articles. Don't be afraid to share who you are in your writing. Use your personality to make the article shine.

You can increase sales from your article promotion projects by focusing on one keyword per article. Use the keyword wherever possible, in the header, title, sub-headings and in the URL if possible. Employ the keyword multiple times in the article itself. When someone is searching for a specific keyword it will be easier for them to find your site because it is so keyword rich.

Article directories can help you get more traffic for your articles. Also, this method is free, simple and generates great results. The more visible you and your business are online, the more successful you will be.




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Subjective Preferences, Transaction Costs And The Free Market Economy

| Tuesday, April 1, 2014
By Wallace Eddington


If you want to understand the free market economy you need to be clear about what it is and how it works. Failing that, the tendency is to too easily lapse into well worn cliches and platitudes.

In another article, I'd suggest you read, I defined the free market economy with a heavy emphasis on principles of voluntary exchange. As important as the principle is, so is appreciating its function. This function is important as it generates as overall increase of social wealth. How it does so entails understanding the dynamics of voluntary exchange.

To be clear, I do not mean by social wealth some kind of collective good. Rather it refers to the total wealth in a society as measured by the wealth of all its individuals. Voluntary exchange is the way to make the most people wealthier and thus increase the level of total wealth in a society.

So, we begin by asking how voluntary exchange achieves this increase of social wealth. It is often erroneously assumed that an exchange of goods cannot change the aggregate of social wealth. The items exchanged, to be exchanged, must be of equal value. Otherwise the market actors would not have made the trade. The only other option is presumed to be that one must have gotten the better of the other in the trade. In that case, though, the total social wealth would be unchanged.

This is exactly wrong. The confusion is due to a failure to understand a couple key economic facts: 1) transaction costs and 2) subjective preferences. Transaction costs are inherent in any exchange. For this discussion, it is important to remember that in any exchange both actors simultaneously buy and sell. Money, after all, is just another commodity being exchanged .

If one of the traders valued what he was buying equal to what he was selling that would be a straight up exchange, with no value gained. However, because of the transaction costs of the exchange, he would be losing.

Consider an example: imagine you're walking by the store front of your local grocer. If you valued the dollar in your pocket and the apple for sale in the store equally, you wouldn't care which you had. If you actually were so indifferent, would you detour from your journey to enter the store, find your way to the apple bin, peruse them in search of a ripe one, free of bruises, then walk over to the cashier and wait for the line to inch along until you reached the cashier and could pay?

All these expenditures of you time and energy are transaction costs. Why incur them if you don't care whether you have an apple or the dollar in your pocket? (And, incidentally, the fact that you did incur and accept those transaction costs should be regarded as evidence whatever you say, or even think, you do in fact prefer the apple to the dollar.)

This leads us to the other important point of subjective preferences. The reason that two people, engaging in a trade, each buying something they value more than what they're selling, despite transaction costs, can both simultaneously profit (increase their wealth), is that people have different values at any given moment in time.

Feeling hungry as you near the local grocery store could well have you value an apple more than a dollar in your pocket. Your greater valuation of the apple may be so much greater than the dollar that you'd happily incur the transaction costs (detour, perusal, waiting in line) to exchange dollar for apple.

It would be entirely erroneous to conclude though that this makes the apple objectively more valuable than the dollar. All we have here is the value of this one moment on this one day. Yesterday, passing the grocer's store you may not have been hungry at all - perhaps coming from a large lunch with a friend. In that case, your subjective valuing of dollar and apple would have been quite different, equally as legitimate and obviously no less thoroughly subjective as it was today.

Also, of course, the grocer has a big bin of apples, which have already been purchased. To earn the profit necessary to make the store a going concern, the grocer wants to sell the apples. Thus, the grocer values your dollar more than the apple you receive in return. That's why the grocer is willing to incur the transaction costs of keeping the store clean, heated and well lit.

Think about how often upon arriving at the cash, as you pay, both you and the grocer thank each other simultaneously. Is this some strange confusion or paradox? Of course not! You are both thankful, because you are both getting what you prefer: something you value more in exchange for something you value less. You are in fact both wealthier thanks to the exchange.

The total social wealth has increased. And it does so every time such a voluntary transaction occurs. Herein lays the magic of a free market economy. The freer it is, the more total social wealth is generated.




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Fiat Currency And The Armies Of Inflation

| Saturday, March 29, 2014
By Wallace Eddington


Inflation has been with us a long time. If you know your history you'll know that the devastating consequences are an old story, retold repeatedly. It is armies that allow rulers to rule and money provides the means to buy and maintain armies. If you have enough guns (or swords, spears, etc) to rule a society you have enough to take control of the money supply. After that, inflation follows like night after day. The Roman Empire offers a fine illustration.

Between the regimes of Augustus and Diocletian Roman troop numbers more than doubled: from 250,000 to 600,000. An indication of the degree to which inflation funded this massive military is the fate of the Roman currency, the denarius. It was so utterly debased by a long string of Roman rulers that, when Diocletian came to power, the formerly silver coin was reduced to a copper plated token. By A.D. 268 it had fallen to one five-thousandth of its original value. Roman trade was already deteriorating into barter. Meanwhile, the middle class was rapidly eroding.

Not a fool, Diocletian fully appreciated the costs of this centuries long currency debasement and responded by declaring that taxes were no longer to be paid in coin, but in goods. What he of course never did was return the denarius to a money worth its weight in silver. Rather, he presumed to fix the effects rather than the cause. To this end he imposed a wide range of price, wage, production and anti-hoarding rules.

The most dramatic of these regulations was his A.D. 301 Edict, which prescribed the death penalty for violators. Though much bloodshed resulted, the Roman economic implosion through inflation continued to run rampant. In that A.D. 301 Edict, Diocletian fixed the price of gold at 50,000 denarii per pound. By 337, the year of Constantine's death, a pound of gold brought 20,000,000 denarii!

The last century of the Western Roman Empire was riddled with economic decay and social devolution. The market economy was abandoned by Romans in great numbers. The burden of the coercion to treat coins as possessing value that they simply did not have made rational economic decision making virtually impossible. Many fled the country - like latter day economic refugees. Others fled the cash economy into the countryside and took up voluntary serfdom. Common explanations in history books of feudalism arising after the fall of Rome have the chronology wrong. Feudalism arose, in the very bosom of Rome, as a perfectly rational response to a monetary economy crippled by a fiat currency verging on worthless.

Certainly, explanatory efforts to pinpoint any single cause for an event as epic as the fall of Rome would be too simplistic. There can be no doubt, however, those centuries of economic deterioration played an important role. Indeed, the common practice of portraying the barbarian invasions as a conquest is a bit misleading. For the majority of the Roman lower class - a category into which much of the middle class had fallen - the sackers of Rome were not conquers, but liberators: liberation from the denarius.

Those seeking insights for the contemporary world can find everything they need to know in this tale. A good generated out of the market for common benefit is corrupted by power and coercion . Coercive rulers (however serving of the people and the common good they claim themselves to be) transform the money from a market-valued currency into a coercively decreed value. This is what fiat means. The money is legally required to be treated as being worth something it simply is not. No less than in the story of the Emperor's new clothes, the people are required to pretend the patently false is unquestionably true, while the rulers skim off the actual value to pay the armies which allow them to run the whole scam from the start.

Naturally, rising prices run rampant as producers and merchants attempt to adjust reality to the devalued money which they're legally coerced to treat as having a make-believe value. If the rulers respond with price controls, as so often happens, the next step for producers and merchants is to compromise the quality or quantity of their goods, to save the value they're losing when forced to use the money as though it had a value it that the market does not afford it.

Wage, price, quota, etc., regulations all too often are subsequently imposed through coercion, attempting to suppress such natural market adjustments. The Roman example though provides a good predictor of what follows. Black markets spread and people merely trying to improve the quality of life of their families, through voluntary exchange, must abandon the monetary economy in all kinds of ways.

Back when our money was composed of coins, creating fiat currency was an elaborate and labor intensive exercise of re-minting coins of reduced precious metal composition. Today, when our money supply is whatever the central bank (the Federal Reserve in the U.S.) says that it is - simply adding zeros to a computer screen - inflation is so easy that massive abuse is virtually irresistible.

Bear in mind that money is just a commodity, as subject to supply-and-demand pressures as is any other commodity. When the supply increases it results in lower per-unit demand. This results in falling prices. Falling prices normally are a good thing, but not when it's the price that producers and merchants put on your purchasing power.

If you imagine that carrying your dollars in your wallet, or even locking them in your home wall safe, secures them from theft, think again. Inflation is the most insidious theft of all. Every time that the central bank inflates the money supply your dollars shrink - wherever you're storing them. Once more of them are circulating, each one is worth less. Consequently, merchants need more of them to pay their business expenses and so on down the line of their suppliers.

Rulers certainly are not prepared to admit their fault in this spiraling monetary catastrophe. Much easier and more convenient to blame rising prices on greedy bakers, bankers, merchants, businessmen, capitalists, corporations, Jews, or whoever is the scapegoat of choice at that time and place. All this merely obscures the fact that such businesses are merely trying to re-establish the market value of the debased money.

Nothing much has changed. Today, the fiat currency driven monetary policy of the United States and Europe seem on a path to replicate the demise of Rome. One might ask if they've learned nothing from history. Probably, though, it isn't a question of learning, or knowing, but simply that the payoff of inflation is just too rich for the rulers to pass-up. And, after all, who isn't susceptible to the self-serving myth that any monetary policy that benefits their own self interest is peculiarly in the interest of the common good?

The human inclination toward vanity and self-serving delusion wouldn't seem to be facing extinction any time soon. One wonders if submission to being bossed around and impoverished by maniacal rulers might, though, some day.




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Preparing For A Case With A Lawyer

| Monday, March 10, 2014
By Norbert Higensen


Lawyers are an essential part of any legal strategy. These professionals bring a host of benefits into the system with them that makes them invaluable in nature.

No matter what kind of legal issue is being faced, it is wise and pragmatic to have a lawyer present. The professionals are trained and schooled in the ways of the system and the laws, so they offer the common individual the best possible chance they have of getting a satisfactory result.

From the moment that the client seeks out the lawyer, the personal injury lawyer is there to help them and back them all the way. Most of the time, the association begins with a consultation that is undergone when the person is looking for help.

However, this does not mean that a private citizen is not entitled to the maximum level of compensation possible. And when medical expenses exceed the insurance pay out these citizens will often seek professional legal help from Utah injury attorneys whose main job is to legal obligate the insurance companies to pay their claims in full resulting in the maximum amount of reprisal payment possible to be given to the plaintiff.

After the consultation, the attorney will decide whether to accept the person as a client and work with them on their case. Most personal injury lawyers will not charge unless they get a successful result, increasing the motivation for both parties to win during the case. The person obviously has to be concerned about their status, and the attorney has to focus on their reputation and their compensation. Therefore, everyone will be committed to getting a satisfactory result out of the experience.

The following tips on how to select a quality Utah injury attorney may be helpful for those stuck searching for someone they can trust to help them receive their insurance payments. The first quality that a person should look for when searching out an injury attorney is experience.

Experience in the specialized field of injury law can be invaluable to you the plaintiff so while searching out the right firm one should always keep in mind the firm's experience in handling insurance claims and injury law. Remember, however, that experience does not always mean longevity; the firm that has been around the longest does not always have the most experience.

Instead those firms and attorneys that have attained specific qualifications and success in injury law should be sought out as they will be experienced in how to win a legal battle with an insurance company and not simply how to carry forth that same battle. This information of a firm's success rate can be found by inquiring at local bar associations.

The time and effort that go into the process are well worth it. The end result will usually be positive for those that are prepared. Lawyers are an essential part of any legal strategy that needs to be executed. By consulting with these experts and taking their advice on legal matters and issues, people can more fully prepare for their case in order to have the best chance of winning.




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Paying For Expenses With A Personal Injury Attorney

| Thursday, February 27, 2014
By Norbert Higensen


Getting hurt can be a life altering event. If you or someone you know has gotten hurt through the actions or inactions of another person, consider securing the services of a personal injury attorney.

Injuries are not only difficult to deal with physically, but they can be quite difficult to deal with mentally as well. When you are injured, you probably want to get the injury taken care of as quickly as possible. There are many things you can do to speed a faster recovery and to ensure that you do not hurt yourself again. The first thing you will need to do is ask your doctor or trainer about the injury. By understanding what it wrong, how you were injured, and what you can do to speed recovery, you will be able to let go of many of your worries and concerns. You will feel like you have more control over the situation, which can go a long way to helping you recover emotionally as well.

The first big factor which is going to face many people is the medical expenses that they have. A single night in a hospital is a very pricey proposition, with every additional day and every additional procedure costing ever more money. While many people have medical insurance, they may actually reach the limits of their coverage when getting treated for a very serious injury. Likewise, those who use their savings to cover the amounts owed may be able to stay on top of things for a while, but will likely buckle under the expenses.

For those who have been seriously injured, getting quality medical treatment is not an option- it is mandatory. Without the care and technology available with quality medical care, people may not be able to return to any semblance of their previous quality of life.

Return visits may be necessary when it comes to surgery of other procedures which might need to be done. Essentially, the average person is going to be looking at a staggering amount of money which will climb ever more with every return.

As such, it is essential to be able to cover all the money owed in order to allow the body to heal and work toward getting into better shape overall. Another big factor to keep in mind is the physical therapy which might be needed in order to help a person recover. While physical therapy is not going to be quite as expensive as many repeat hospital visits, it does have its costs. May people will not be able to get back into viable shape without the help provided by these professionals.

Therefore, paying for physical therapy is important as well. Lastly, one cannot forget the psychological toll of getting seriously hurt. There is a cost which comes with the experience which can affect a person in a profound psychological way. Any number of mental ailments may occur as a result of the negative experience. As such, therapy in this field may be instrumental as well when it comes to getting a person back to their life.

One of the best ways to help yourself keep working your hardest is to set appropriate goals. As you set goals and work to achieve them, you will feel a great sense of triumph when you do reach them. The sense of accomplishment can help you keep going even when it is difficult. As time progresses, you may be able to set larger and larger goals until you have reached a normal state again. Of course, you should always be careful to not reinjure the injury. However, by taking care of yourself, working hard to become stronger, and relying on the support of others, overcoming your injury will not be so bad.




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Defining A Free Market Economy

| Thursday, February 20, 2014
By Wallace Eddington


Free market economy, whether being sanctified or vilified, just rolls off the tongue. We use it so casually, surely we know to what it refers.

Perhaps we shouldn't be too hasty in that assumption. Though we may be prone to assuming such understanding, a surprising number of people when queried have a harder time than you might think providing a precise definition of the term.

Additionally, there is the problem that no one owns such terms. No one gets the final say over what the definition is. Two people with radically different definitions are just as entitled to use their own version.

Semantics or historical precedent, the resort of many, in reality solves little. Precedents are simply too abundant when sought by determined and clever partisans. There is no science of definition. It is an unfailingly subjective enterprise.

All this is to say that I have no illusions that my definition is irreproachable or objectively truth. I don't offer it under the delusion that no one can disagree. I offer it because I believe it is a definition that allows us to make an important distinction about the nature of the world.

I'd also recommend it because unlike some others it is not piecemeal or makeshift. It is rooted in principle. As such, there is value in the precision it offers. I of course have no control over what others think on that matter.

The central point in this prologue is that, despite anyone else's opinion on the matter, the definition offered here is what I mean by the phrase "free market economy." Refuting my definition in no way refutes the arguments made on behalf of that which I define as such. Attempting that would be a colossal case of missing the point.

With those caveats in mind, I offer my definition, building as it were, back-to-front. An economy is defined as the dimension of a society addressing the employment of resources: material, human or otherwise. Exactly how those resources are employed exceed the definition.

A market is a nexus through which actors trade those resources. (By "resources" I do not restrict my meaning to "natural resources" - e.g., stuff dug out of the ground. Rather I refer to anything for which anyone has a use. The term "goods" could be interchangeable with "resources.") A market does not assume the existence of money. A barter economy can still be a market economy.

The non-essential role of money is not to be confused with the elective nature of prices in markets. Prices after all are not based on monetary units (even if expressed in them where money exists). They are rather expressions of the consensus on the comparable valuation of resources. When money does exist, it is only one more resource. Like all the others, its value is determined through supply-and-demand driven trade. (For more on this, see my article on the Meaning of Money at the Fiat Currency Review.)

So a market economy is one in which value is determined by the relative supply of and demand for resources in the process of trading them. If a given resource is widely available and/or very few people want it, it will be valued less: it would take relatively more of it for most people to trade something they valued higher (i.e., it would have a lower price), than another resource less available and/or more widely in demand. Though, demand is always subjective .

This describes the workings of a market economy. More precision still is required to define a free market economy. "Free" might be regarded as interchangeable with "voluntary." A market is free when actors may enter or exit it at will: the freedom is freedom to exchange any resource desired with any partner both desired and likewise disposed.

These distinctions are illustrated by the marijuana market. Most of the world has prohibitions against selling and buying (not to mention growing and consuming) marijuana. The police of such jurisdictions mobilize their monopoly of legitimized violence to hinder such market exchanges.

Nonetheless, such markets exist and often thrive. They frequently are the major source of income in the economies of many areas. For some regions the marijuana market is the difference between local economic hardship and relative prosperity.

The threat of violence by the police (being physically abducted and caged, surely qualifies as violence, whether you consider it legitimate or not) of course eliminates a free market in marijuana trading. Due to the high demand, though, nonetheless markets emerge to serve the needs of the prospective consumers.

If demand is sufficient, suppression of a resource, even by violence, will not eliminate the market for it. Threats of police violence do diminish the number of buyers and sellers in that market. And, since "trafficking" or "dealing" or otherwise holding large quantities is usually dealt with more severely, selling in particular is very dangerous. Dealing with this danger incurs elevated business costs. Those costs, combined with the violence-induced supply reduction, result in prices higher than the market would otherwise provide.

Government suppression of markets, thus, increases prices by reducing freedom to trade. This is not only true in the case of demonized (though victimless) crimes. All government tariffs, zoning, subsidies, bailouts, and most taxation and regulation, has the effect - and very often the intent - of reducing freedom to trade.

Virtually all the well documented corruption is a direct result of this dynamic. Politically well connected sellers influence government policy-making, curbing police powers in directions beneficial to their economic interests. Such crony mercantilism is the antithesis of a free market economy.




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